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Oldest Christian Bible now available online

This undated picture shows a reader examining a page from the earliest surviving Christian Bible. (AP / The British Library)

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By: CTV.ca News Staff

Date: Mon. Jul. 6 2009 1:45 PM ET

After years of painstaking work by experts on several continents, the oldest surviving Christian Bible in the world has been reunited and made available on the Internet.

About 800 pages of the Codex Sinaiticus manuscript -- considered by many to be one of the world's greatest written treasures -- were posted online this week, marking the completion of a massive project.

The pages are held by four separate institutions in Britain, Egypt, Germany and Russia -- and until now scholars or researchers had to travel to the various locations in order to study them.

In July 2008 the first digitized pages were posted online as part of a joint effort by the institutions, and the completed project went live on Monday.

Scot McKendrick, the British Library's Head of Western Manuscripts, said the project represents an important step forward for Biblical scholars.

"The Codex Sinaiticus is one of the world's greatest written treasures," McKendrick said in a news release.

"This 1,600-year-old manuscript offers a window into the development of early Christianity and first-hand evidence of how the text of the bible was transmitted from generation to generation."

The manuscript, written in Greek at the time of Constantine the Great, includes hand-written corrections, serving as evidence of how the text of the Bible was passed down throughout the centuries.

In addition to containing most of the Old Testament, it also boasts the oldest known version of the New Testament.

Written in the fourth century on pages that were bound together, rather than on scrolls, the manuscript may be the oldest book in the world.

It originally contained the entire New and Old Testament as well as the Apocrypha, though half of the Old Testament has since been lost. It also includes writings not included in the current Bible, including an epistle ascribed to the Apostle Barnabas and 'The Shepherd' by Hermas.

The online version of the book includes full transcription of the hand-written text, including the revisions and corrections that were made to the text

"It will also allow researchers into the history of the book as a physical object to examine in detail aspects of its fabric and manufacture: pages can be viewed either with standard light or with raking light which, by illuminating each page at an angle, highlights the physical texture and features of the parchment," states the release.

It is also possible to compare the different handwriting of the four scribes who are believed to have copied the text.

The manuscript has come a long way from its discovery in 1844 in a monastery in Egypt. The book is believed to have lain undiscovered for 1,500 years before it was found.

Upon its discovery, it was split between Egypt, Russia, Germany and Britain -- where the pages remained separate until now.

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James in NB
said
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I like this post, thx CTV!


YA from Toronto ON
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What a great treasure indeed. I hope it will bring new understanding of Bible and basic Christian believes. There are so many discrepancies within Bible and Christian believe that may now finally be resolved.

It is my believe, that our current Bible was more of a politically driven and written and does not present accurate teaching. For instance, Jesus stated that he has not come to change an iota of teaching, yet Jews and Christians have literally nothing in common as far as their believes go. Furthermore, before Jesus was put on cross he stated that the only sign to be shown to Jews was the sign of Jonah. Note, the miracle of Jonah was to survive inevitable death from the belly of the fish (whale) not death. But as per New Testament, Jesus died on cross thus his prophecy regarding the sign of Jonah did not come to pass. He had to survive the crucifixion in order to claim that his prophecy did come true.

There are so many other discrepancies that I hope are solved with this new finding. It may help reshape Christianity and the truth may finally be answered. For I don’t think Jesus died upon cross. There is ample proof within our current Bible for that.


Leah A
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Now THAT's news. Thanks!


Dan
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Excellent article!


Lydai
said
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Wow, amazing! Maybe now people will have to stop and think- yes, the Bible is real and true. There will be many that will say- this proves nothing- but to me this book proves everything.


Sean Webb
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It's an important historical document dealing with humanity's fascination with the supernatural. However, we are still talking about the words of man written down professing a belief in an invisible man that lives in the clouds. I'm impressed that such a rare document is now available to be viewed, but it no more supports the belief of a god than texts praising other ancient deities.


Bible College Graduate
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To YA from Toronto ON:

I don't know what Bible you're reading, but mine has no discrepancies in it. I assume yours is the same as mine, so maybe a more indepth study of it and history may shed some light and possibly change your views.

You don't have to believe the Bible to see that it has scholastic integrity; anyone with theological training can tell you that. Maybe you're reading too much Dan Brown...


Nick from Toronto
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It is nice to read an article about the Bible! Hope this leads more people to Christ! or at least to do more research about the purpose of life and the need for Christ! -

With regards to YA's comment about the sign of Jonah: It is believed that the sign of Jonah is discussed by Jesus to compare the 3 days and 3 nights which Jonah was alive in the whale's belly to Jesus' own time after death on the cross, until the ressurection. This was also 3 days and 3 nights. Then Jesus rose and lived again and he is living today. That is the point of the sign of Jonah.

God Bless!


Marty
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For those people who may be skeptical of the Bible and its transmission, this "oldest Bible" will not affect the truth of the Bible or change any of its teachings. Most of the differences that occur in the various manuscripts do not affect its meaning; mostly in things such as spelling, grammar, etc. Any discrepencies that occur are easily corrected through the context of the text by being based on various manuscripts.


Henry Wysmulek
said
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It will be interesting to compare this to modern versions to see how much or how little has changed in the writings!



R. Crisp
said
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Thank you Nick for clarifing that to Ya. Well done.

Faith and belief in Jesus is the only way - people interput things, words differently all the time.


YA from Toronto ON
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The miracle of Jonah is not three days and three nights in the belly of fish, since there may be countless that never came out. The miracle is coming out of most certain death. For Jonah survived and as I might add not ghostly but with body, mind and everything else intact. Also, whether Jesus stayed for three days and three nights in dome or cave is also not worthy of anything since we know humans lived in caves for ages as this is quit ordinary. The miracle has to be similar but not exact to the miracle of Jonah. But it must include surviving certain death, crucifixion.

The current belief is to believe that Jesus died on the cross and his ghost departed his body. This does not present any miracle as there may be countless others who died on cross. The miracle must be his bodily survival from crucifixion. For any other interpretation does not amount to miracle and whatever miracle is consider must be hand-in-hand with Jonah’s miracle.

Sorry if offended anyone but this is my view and you are entitled to yours. Thanks


Pierre from Kelowna
said
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I for one am excited!

This is the oldest version of one of the world's best works of FICTION and FANTASY!


Pip
said
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This is an extremely important happening, regardless of how you feel about religion in general and Christianity in particular. To have such an ancient manuscript made available to all opens the door on early Christianity. For those who will, they can make their own translation.

Now, how about the Vatican releasing whatever early sources it holds - perhaps even the original parchments or papyri which were used by the scribes to produce this newly released document.

Now THAT would enable some real biblical research.


Paul
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This bible was stolen from Coptic monks in 1844 by someone who promised to take it for a while and bring it back.

As a result, Coptic libraries were completely closed to outsiders.

The Coptic Monks who had the manuscript are still upset and want their bible back.


david sawkiw[saskatchewan farmer]
said
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Good to see information given out about the most popular religion in canada. Thank you for the website too.

On another vain,, I find it curious that the powers that be,, in 1844,, decided to split it up FOUR WAYS!!!!I guess that just proves that politics really has not changed since then.............


Rick in NB
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@ Sean Webb,
You are quite the theologian, but could you explain who this invisible man in the clouds is? Could it be that the god every religion prays to is the same entity? We learn of our god by the books written by our forefathers. Geography has everything to do with what name you call god.


Pat
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I hope they didn't edit it like it's the case with the current bibles. We'll be able to see that this book states that slavery is ok and that its ok to sell your daughter as long as it's for a good price. If the devil exist, this is his book, under a seductive cover lies hatred at its best.


Wade
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To clarify, the manuscript itself isn't a new find, it's the online database that's new. The database reunites all the parts of the codex again, albeit now for the first time in digital form (the actual physical manuscript is spread around in different countries as the article states, thereby making it difficult to consult as a whole).

But Codex S. has been a major part of biblical studies for well over a century now (it was discovered in the 1800's). It is one of the earliest and most complete manuscripts we have available for study, but it is still only one among thousands of other manuscripts and fragments.

Thus it is unlikely to "prove" anything or "reshape" Christianity (as some have suggested here). To the extent that it helps us date the writing of the various books of the bible or determine the wording of the original text(s), it has already been taken into fairly full consideration. Which isn't to say there aren't new things to learn from it, just that they're not likely to be too earth shattering at this point.

Having said all that, the database is a welcome addition to the field. As many more ancient manuscripts (and not just biblical ones) are digitized on placed online and made accessible to scholarship around the world, our ability to study these documents and glean from them the lessons of early writers and thinkers (as well as those who copied these texts) ever deepens.


Kristian4Zion
said
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The Sign of Jonas:

it really meant the resurrection. Once the leaders in Israel rejected Yeshuah as the predicted Messiah, in spite of the teachings and miracles they had seen, Yeshuah told them that from that point on, the ONLY sign given to that generation would be the sign of Jonas: the resurrection. And so, He raised Lazarus from the dead, then He raised Himself, and in the end times the two witnesses of the book of Revelation will be raised - just as Jonas, who was, in a sense, raised from the dead (i.e. the belly of a fish.) Those three resurrection events will bring, eventually, the leaders in Israel to the acceptance of Yeshuah, their true Messiah.


Kris
said
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Way cool. There's a lot to be learned here.


CYL
said
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Great news, Wonderful news.


Mark Lundy
said
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One thing I can tell you is that in the Bible I have, it preaches that Christ Died on the Cross, was buried and was raised from the dead on the third day.

This bible also teaches that Christ died on the cross, was buried and "Physically" was raised from the dead.
And that was the sign of Jonah that Jesus talked about.

So, the bible that was written 1600yrs ago tells me exactly what my bible tells me today and that is Jesus Christ is Lord and GOD and that his words shall never pass away. Amen


reverbnation.com/fleamarketcreep
said
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The Bible has repeatedly been shown to be accurate when read in context. It is full of parables and poetry, but also what is obviously meant to be literal. When Jesus compared the kingdom of heaven to a farmer's field, this is a parable. The book of Psalms is a book of poetry. When Jesus said love your neighbour, it was a literal instruction.

As well we have to keep in mind that most of these writings are not directed specifically at us, but to the Hebrews (Old Testament), and churches at the time (New Testament). We can take teachings from the books, but they are not written specifically to us.

And that's why context is important.

Jesus said he did not come to change one letter of the law (the Old Testament), but instead to fulfill it. That is what his death on the cross did. That contract, if you will, was fulfilled once and for all. Yet Jesus reiterated the importance of the 10 Commandments. Doesn't sound like changing the law to me.
Context.


Convinced Believer
said
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Let me see, it is maybe 1600 years old, it has been translated by four different scribes and parts have been lost and it also has had some corrections in the handwriting. Yes, this sounds like something God would create to further confuse a confused world. Yep this sure proves the infallibility and absolute correctness of the current version that was translated by yet more men and then copied ever since in different languages. How could we ever doubt the veracity of such obvious rock solid proof that this book was written at the direction of God. Most likely it was lost for 1500 years just to ensure one day we found it again! A true believer!


Dunny from Manotick
said
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I hope that they translate it from ancient greek to modern english soon. It would be an interesting story to read. Let's hope the other half of the old testament shows up someday.


 

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