News Sections
'Two beer' defence not good enough, SCC says
CTV News Video
|
Watch: See all Videos in the Player
CTV.ca News Staff
Date: Thu. Apr. 17 2008 10:26 PM ET
The Supreme Court of Canada has struck a blow against the so-called "two-beer" defence, in which defendants accused of drinking and driving claim that they did not consume enough to be drunk, despite failing a breathalyzer test.
In the 7-2 split decision, the court decided to uphold the breathalyzer results in the separate cases of a Nova Scotia man and an Alberta man.
In each case, the men used toxicology experts to estimate the amount of the alcohol in their system, saying that they actually "straddled" the 80 mg limit on blood alcohol levels.
It is a common defence tactic to have experts testify that because of the accused's personal alcohol absorption rate, combined with other variables, such as length of drinking time or amount of food consumed, that the person was not as drunk as the breathalyzer results suggested.
But the court's ruling says that there are too many variables involved in how the body metabolizes alcohol and that the breathalyzer's result should be considered the legal standard.
"Because it is scientifically undisputed that absorption and elimination rates can vary from time to time, nothing is really gained by post-offence testing of an accused's elimination rate," Justice Louise Charron said on the behalf of the majority judges in the ruling.
"The breathalyzer test provides legal proof that the accused 'consumed alcohol in such a quantity' that it put him or her over 80 mg contrary to s. 253 of the Criminal Code."
Jonathan Rosenthal, a Toronto lawyer who specializes in defending those charged with drinking and driving, said under the current rules the court can look at other factors in addition to the breathalyzer reading, and doesn't have to consider whether the device was working properly or not.
But the new ruling assumes that the breathalyzer is always right -- a dangerous presumption, he suggests, noting that there are also many variables in how a machine functions and how it is operated.
"(Right now) the judge takes a look at the evidence as judges do every day. They hear what the accused has to say, they hear what some of the witnesses have to say and if there's reasonable doubt that he or she would be under the legal limit, you're entitled to an acquittal," Rosenthal said.
But in future, he added: "you will have to go much further and show the machine wasn't working properly or it wasn't operated properly."
Rosenthal said the decision is a sign of an increasingly less tolerant attitude towards drinking and driving.
"It's a strong indication the courts, along with the legislation, are trying as hard as they can to come down hard on drunk drivers," he said, adding that the ruling neglects the presumption of innocence.
The ruling said that to admit the "two-beer offence" -- so-called because of the common defendant claim that they could not be drunk because they only had two beers -- would "obviously fly in the face" of government efforts to control drinking and driving.
"Straddle evidence merely confirms that the accused falls into the category of drivers targeted by Parliament -- namely, those who drive having consumed enough alcohol to reach a blood alcohol concentration exceeding 80 mg," the decision read.
User Tools
Related Stories
Most Popular
Most Viewed News Stories
Most Talked about Stories
Just hope the Government doesn't forgive the tickets and fines levied at the mass demonstrators.
Victor in Vaughan
Quebec, students to resume talks on tuition hikes
Canada AM is a production of CTV News, and is Canada’s most-watched morning news program.
Email
Comments are now closed for this story
Brent
said
Have 2 or 3 alcoholic beverages then test yourself with a local bar's breathalyzer equivalent or purchase a home kit. Test yourself again in 1 hour to see roughly how fast you metabolize.
An ounce of prevention...
Hmmmer
said
I am sorry to hear of your loss and the loss felt by others on this site.
I have a personal "absolute zero tolerance" ritual self imposed.
I have two beautiful talented daughters and often gaze upon them with pride and adoration when they visit and chatter away.
I could never look them in the eye again if I ever hurt someone by being so callous as to drink and drive.
This two beer defense is for cheap lawyers and stupid judges.
Once convicted how does the con say anything against the drunk driver who hurts him or his loved one? They don't! They can't!
If some jerk hurts my loved one while driving impaired, I'll just fire one warning shot, through his head.
Hmmmer. Things that make ya go, hmmm?
Andrew in BC
said
If an officer, who is on the streets looking for impaired drivers on a regular basis, believes that a driver is impaired enough to warrant a breathalyzer, then that driver is,in most probability,impaired somewhat.
This is no longer the 80s, or even the 90's, and enough people have died or been affected for life in another way. It is well past the time that drunk drivers should no longer be looked at as a "good ol' boy" just making a mistake and the many defences should be shut down in the name of common sense; this one is just another step in the right direction.
N Smith
said
Brett
said
Carl Bainbridge
said
my reasoning is simple when i was younger in the heat of summer i had a beer and went home
due to the heat and the one beer i felt so out of control i had to get off the road. now i am an average sized person in very good shape at the time and it was a feeling i never wanted to deal with again so i developped a simple rule one drink no drive
i have over the years of watching repeat offenders kill innocent people developped very strong feelings regarding this
my rules
if you are going out to a bar you know you are likely to drink you make this concious choice
if you take your car to the bar you know you are likely to drive
if you make both of these decisions you know you could kill someone because of your impaired state.
1st offence simple drunk driving should equal attempted FIRST DEGREE MURDER (premeditated) as you knew the risks and took them anyway
1st offence drunk driving causing death FIRST DEGREE MURDER (premeditated) as you knew the risks and took them anyway
sentences for both offences allow up to 25 years in prison
end result the roads would be far safer for the rest of us then we could deal with the other problems like cell phones overtired etc
impaired driving due to drugs is testable and can be charged as with drunk driving anyway
and as far as i am concerned those who disagree with me including judges and prosecuting attorneys are probably worried that they would end up subject to the charges themselves.
basically the main reason these charges are not laid and appropriate sentences given is simply because of to many drunks in positions of power
Garry
said
Patrick
said
As for your comment on a blood test, sure, there's nothing better. It will be higher than the breath test as the Intoxilyzer analyzes breath on a 2300:1 ratio rather than blood at a 2100:1 ratio, thus the blood test will give a more true but higher result than the breath. You'd be hanging yourself without any help. Obviously you don't know of what you speak...
Fireman
said
Congrats to SCC
said
I recall a few years ago when I left a restaurant after having a three-course meal accompanied by ONE glass of wine. Hubbie drove because he hadn't consumed anything, but I remarked that I felt impaired and KNEW that I shouldn't operate a motor vehicle at that time, despite certainly being UNDER the legal limit. Hubbie is a police officer, so we drove to his office and tried the ASD just for fun ("road side test")...I blew a 0.024, more than half the legal limit, and yet I was, with no doubt, impaired.
Essentially, it comes down to personal responsibility, and sadly, those who lack it are the type who try to rationalize their immaturity here by claiming "police state" or "as bad as cellphone driving", etc.
Society requires rules to function, and the police are tasked with administering and enforcing those rules. If you don't like it, find a new society to join that does not have impaired driving regulations (good luck there).
Phil
said
It would prove that any drink with driving and among other things, should be at zero tolerance for everybody. Stop the field day that Lawyers are having with this.
Brandon
said
And so what if cell phone talking could be just as dangerous? Just because it isn't illegal (yet) doesn't make drunk driving right.
George Johnson
said
Fergie
said
The real problem is that everyone is being held accountable to a law that you don't really know if you're breaking or not. Imagine a world where the speed limit was 80 km/hr but no one had speedometers but the police had radar detectors.
I believe there should be an effort to install breathalyzers at bars or the ability to have personal affordable ones so you would know whether your legal or not.
Of course some will argue that any impairment, even 0.01 is too much. To that I would say driving with a cell-phone, a child, music playing, sleepy, another passenger talking should all be criminalized. Perhaps we should encase the driver in a sound proof isolation booth so they concentrate on what they're doing.
darcy
said
Dominator
said
It's a misconception that beers like Coors Lite have less alcohol than our Canadian standards. They have the same amount of alcohol. What makes them "lite" and watery is that they lack flavour!
BTW, the Coors Lite (and Budweiser, etc.) that you drink in Canada is MADE in Canada by Molsons, Labatts, etc. under license from Coors, etc.
They ARE less alcohol but don't get fooled. Coors Light is about 3.9% while "normal" beer is 5%. They will still make you drunk.
D J
said
If you drink, don't drive.
There are only two factors (combined) that reduce your BAC: time and water.
stones and glass houses
said
by the standards currently in place I would argue anyone that has had one drink or more and then driven (depending on elapsed time between) can likely be accused of drinking and driving.
the part I have a problem with is the complete lack of discretion given to the courts in dealing with convictions on this matter. it's a set, life and career altering sentence where there are far worse crimes that seem to generate less significant punishments.
Sam Crawford
said
By saying "I only had (one, two, ten) drinks" you are admitting that you DID drink and then drive.
As the saying goes: if you drink, don't drive.
Darrin L.
said
So, if you drink anything alcoholic, you have to assume that you have a chance of a breathalyzer reading the alcohol. Period. I mean, if I were to walk down the middle of the road, is it not reasonable to assume that there is some chance I will be hit by a car. And if it were to happen, do I really have any argument to make against the driver that struck me? No.
Yet, we (society) allow for parking in licensed establishments. Why police simply don't park outside of a bar parking lot and breathalyze every vehicle leaving is beyond me. When are we going to stop coddling liberty at the expense of the greater good?
MADD GIRL
said
I am with you
I lost my boyfriend to drinking and driving
Its just that simple
IF YOU DRINK DONT DRIVE
What is it going to take for people to wake up how many more people have to die due to stupidity
Sad Girl affected by drinking and driving
said
Why can't people just get this through their heads, how many more deaths is it going to take, How many people have been affected by drinking and driving???
If you drink, take a cab, call a friend or family member, its just that simple.
Perspective
said
I would have guessed that more than 40% of folks on the road at any given time have been drinking.
Marlin
said
You better read beer labels. Corrs light is 4%, Corona 4.6%, Alexander Keith 5%.
JC
said
I say they should always reject the test result if there is any objection by the defendant, UNLESS the defendant refuses to take a followup blood test if/when they fail the breathalyzer test.
In short, many of you are mindlessly advocating a test that gives false positives. It is as though anyone can walk up to you and falsely convict YOU TOO of something you have not done. Having a drink or two is not a crime, many people do so all of their lives responsibly. Our family does every night, though wine not beer, and no I don't mean childern.
Marlin
said
I could care less if a family member is hurt or killed by an impaired driver, speeder, or otherwise distracted driver.
The end result to my family member and survivors is the same.
In only one instance would it seem that our society is willing to hold someone accountable.
Patrick
said
I can only imagine that you would be the first person to yell out when it is someone that you know that is injured or killed as a result of a drunk driver.
Let me ask you this; if you were sober and got into a taxi with a driver that had a blood/alcohol limit in excess of .08, would you feel safe?
The 'Carter defence' was absolutely idiotic. How could a judge take the word of a couple of the accused's friends over the Intoxilyzer then convict the accused in the next case with the same Intoxilyzer but the second accused didn't raise 'Carter'? Did the Intoxilyzer miraculously become accurate in the Judge's eyes?
Our problem is with the Judicial System, not the law. If it was applied equally with common sense, we would be well on our way to safer roadways for all.
Now to 'Marc'...I will absolutely guarantee that one Coors will not put you over .08 on the Intoxilyzer nor the Alcotest roadside tester unless you blew into them as you just finished your drink. That is why officers wait 15 minutes between the time of your last drink and the time of the first test.
If you're going to drink, make plans prior to drinking on how you're going to get home and by all means enjoy yourself and stay safe.
Politically incorrect
said
39% of traffic fatalities are "alcohol related".
Speed is a factor in %30 of fatal crashes.
Speeding 15 km over limit;
$89.00
Speeding 50 km over limit;
$351.00
Driving after two beers;
Priceless.
(over $10,000.00, including legal fees and fines)
ZERO TOLERANCE
said
IS THAT CLEAR ENOUGH...???
I lost my wife to an ignorant dummy who thought it was ok to drink and drive. He was coming home from entertaining clients at his advertising firm. He was also a volunteer who taught teens to drive - can you believe it - great example he was. Few months later he was in another serious accident!
Some dummies never learn regretably.
kelvin rutten
said
Ed Hawco
said
BTW, the Coors Lite (and Budweiser, etc.) that you drink in Canada is MADE in Canada by Molsons, Labatts, etc. under license from Coors, etc.
Phil
said
joey
said
Slow down
said
According to www.alcoholalert.com, 40% of traffic fatalities are "alcohol related". And...
"A motor vehicle crash is considered to be alcohol-related if at least one driver or NON-OCCUPANT (such as a pedestrian or pedalcyclist) involved in the crash is determined to have had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .01 gram per deciliter (g/dL) or higher. Thus, any fatality that occurs in an alcohol-related crash is considered an alcohol-related fatality. The term 'alcohol-related' DOES NOT indicate that a crash or fatality was caused by the presence of alcohol."
Consequently, more than 60% of fatalities are related to speeding, tailgating, passing when unsafe, talking on a cell phone, bad road conditions (your driving is impaired), blowing stop signs....you get the drift.
All avoidable.
All illegal.
All preventable.
A simple court appearance without a lawyer can often have a non-alcohol related traffic violation overturned.
What's the difference between being killed by someone that has been drinking or someone that was speeding?
NMD
said
Steve.
said
As for cabs not being available in all areas, that is not society's problem. If you want to drink, it is up to you to have a safe way home. If that is not available, then you don't drink. Drinking is not a right and the onus of finding transportation is that of the individual.
keth
said
And while it is possible to be over .08 after just two drinks how many people do that after work every day across the country? Probably more than most people would realize.
JW
said
Scotty
said
Colonel Blimp
said
gord
said
Vernon
said
Ken Reid
said
Bernard Romanycia
said
Steve
said
Truenorth
said
I almost find it inconceivable that anyone could fail a breathalizer after 1 Coors Lite. Considering it's American beer you should probably have to drink a whole 12 pack for it to even register.
Doye de Lauw
said
I guess one Coors light was one too many. The idea is not to drink anything and drive, one two, fifty, it doesn't matter,not only is it risky for the driver, it's very risky for me as a member of the travelling public. DON"T DO IT AT ALL!! That's the whole point.
J. Smith
said
Studies show there are many things that affect your driving, that are equal to or worse than 2 beer. Lack of sleep, Prescription drugs, emotional trauma, marijuana and cell phones. We don't give people a criminal record for these ofences. The only thing that singles alcohol out is that it is easily detected. We waste too much money and send too many people to jail for "drunk driving", when they are not drunk.
Myles
said
There is no way you failed a breathalyzer after drinking one beer. You may have failed a Roadside Screening Device. There is a major difference between the two machines.
Congrats to the judges for a sound and overdue decision.
Clarke
said
Nathan
said
Sometimes catching a cab isn't an option when you live outside of a city. It's not just as easy as catching a cab at 2 in the morning. I do not endorse drinking and driving in any way, but you should be aware of this.
James
said
Steve
said
Two beers and a phone call
said
If so, can we expect the same consequences to be implemented;
1)Immediate three month license suspension when charged before trial.
2)Upon conviction, one year suspension, first offense and three years second offense.
3)Doubling of insurance.
4)Criminal record.
5) Mandatory driving school before reinstatement.
It leaves the question;
Is cell phone driving AS dangerous as driving after "two beers" or...is driving after "two beers" AS dangerous as driving on your cell phone? or......
Andy in Cambridge
said
Marc
said
Stuart Dunnill
said
Ex 33826
said
FSN
said
This shows how ignorant some people are. We need a line in the sand regardless of how each person's body deals with the alcohol. If that wasn't the case, we'd also have to measure what the reaction time is for each of us drivers when we need to react quickly to something. Everyone of us has difference reaction times.
What we should ALL do is make it our responsibility to not drink and drive AT ALL. If the limite was not .08 but was .09 many people would push it up to there.
PLEASE DON'T DRINK AND DRIVE. IT MAY BE YOUR LOVED ONE THAT YOU MAY END UP KILLING.
Happy
said
Michael
said
Jason H.
said